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RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT​

• Latinos were underrepresented overall in most of the health diagnosing and treating professions.
• Analyzing the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data for 2010–12 and 2019–21 graduates, we found that among health professions, the greater the required years of education for entry, the lower the diversity index among Latinos. 

Citation: Islas I, Brantley E, Portela Martinez M, et al. Documenting Latino Representation in the US Health Workforce. Health Affairs. 2023; 42(7). 

Key Findings: Articles 

Diversity of the U.S. Public Health Workforce Pipeline (2016–2020): Role of Academic Institutions

•  Although the diversity of the public health educational pipeline has shown an upward trend, racial and ethnic minority graduates continue to remain underrepresented in public health.

Citation: Vichare A, Park Y, Plepys C. Diversity of the US Public Health Workforce Pipeline (2016–2020): Role of Academic Institutions. AJPH. 2023; pp. e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307352.​

Utilization of a “Diversity Index” to Assess Racial Diversity of US School of Pharmacy Graduates

• Representation of minoritized populations among graduates continues to be significantly lower compared with U.S. benchmark populations. Only 16% of PharmD programs had a Diversity Index that matched or exceeded their benchmark comparator Black or Hispanic populations. 

Citation: Rao K, Mitrzyk B, Tillman F, et al. Utilization of a “Diversity Index” to Assess Racial Diversity of US School of Pharmacy Graduates. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100568.​

Documenting Latino Representation in the US Health Workforce

• Latinos were underrepresented overall in most of the health diagnosing and treating professions.
• Analyzing the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data for 2010–12 and 2019–21 graduates, we found that among health professions, the greater the required years of education for entry, the lower the diversity index among Latinos. 

Citation: Islas I, Brantley E, Portela Martinez M, et al. Documenting Latino Representation in the US Health Workforce. Health Affairs. 2023; 42(7). ​

ESTIMATION AND COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND FUTURE RACIAL/ETHNIC REPRESENTATION IN THE U.S. HEALTH CARE WORKFORCE​

• Black, Hispanic, and Native American people are underrepresented in 10 health care professions.
• Although the educational pipeline shows some limited improvement compared to the current workforce, underrepresentation persists.

Citation: Salsberg E, Richwine C, Westergaard S, et al. Estimation and Comparison of Current and Future Racial/Ethnic Representation in the US Health Care Workforce. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(3):e213789. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3789

Limited, uneven progress is increasing racial and ethnic diversity of dental school graduates

• While the number of Black graduates in dentistry increased the past decade, the percent of graduates who are Black decreased from 6% to 5%. Meanwhile, the percentage of Hispanic graduates increased from 6% to 9%.
• Among the 63 dental schools with graduates in 2017-2019 in the US, 56 schools had a Diversity Index less than 0.5 for Black graduates and 43 had a DI below 0.5 for Hispanic graduates, indicating that representation of these graduates is less than half than what would be expected based on the population. 

​Citation: Salsberg E, Brantley E, Westergaard S, Farrell J, Rosenthal C. Limited, Uneven Progress is Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Dental School Graduates. Journal of Dental Education. 2022;86(1):107-116. 
doi:10.1002/jdd.12793. Epub 2021 Sep 20.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM WORKFORCE DIVERSITY TRACKER FOR GLOBAL HEALTH

• Summarizes the key federal data sources that make the Health Workforce Diversity Initiative reports possible. Countries outside the United States might benefit from tracking similar data on demographics relevant to their local context. 

Citation: Oyeyemi T, Salsberg E, Westergaard S, Farrell J. Lessons Learned from Workforce Diversity Tracker for Global Health. Social Innovations Journal. 2021;8.

Key Findings: Reports

THE RACE AND ETHNICITY OF THE LOUISIANA HEALTH WORKFORCE

• Black individuals make up a large share of Louisiana’s college age population compared to the nation (35.2% compared to 13.7%) but are largely underrepresented as graduates from Louisiana’s health profession programs.
• Compared to the nation, the Hispanic college age population in Louisiana is relatively small (6.1% compared to 21.1%). Still, Hispanic graduates are underrepresented in almost all health profession programs.

Citation: Bogucki C, Salsberg E. The Race and Ethnicity of the Louisiana Health Workforce. Social Mission Alliance, Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, Washington, DC: George Washington University, 2023. 

The Race and Ethnicity of the California Health Workforce

• Hispanic workers comprise 38% of California’s labor force, but only 7% of physicians, 8% of dentists and 3% of pharmacists. Mexican Americans alone represent almost 31% of the labor force in California, but less than 4% of physicians.
• Black and Hispanic workers are very underrepresented in the health workforce and, while new graduates are more diverse than the current workforce, Black and Hispanic students are still underrepresented in most professions requiring post-secondary education.

Citation: Bogucki C, Brantley E, Salsberg E. The Race and Ethnicity of the California Health Workforce. Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity. Washington, DC: George Washington University, 2022.